The BBC recently ran a sad report about the persistence of trokosi — a form of religious slavery — in rural parts of Ghana. Although a law was passed three years ago in Ghana outlawing it, up to 3,000 women are still estimated to be enslaved as a result of the practice.
Trokosi is a religious practice of the Ewe who inhabit Benin, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana. One of the Ewe’s religious beliefs is ju-ju — the notion that the gods punish one person’s sins by causing the death of other family members until the sin is forgiven by the gods. Priests offer to pardon the sin in exchange for some form of atonement.
According to the American Anti-Slavery Group, until the 18th century the offering typically took the form of livestock or other gifts, but that began to change and priests began demanding, and receiving, virgin girls as atonement for the sins of their relatives.
Girls, often under the age of 10, are brought to the priest, ritually stripped of all their possessions, including clothes, and told they have to do anything the priest tells them. Most girls are raped repeatedly.
Technically the girl only has to serve the priest for 3 to 5 years, but the reality is that for many this is a life long sentence. In order for the girl to return to her family at the end of her years of service, her family must pay a redemption fee set by the priest. Not surprisingly, such redemption fees are typically set at prices which the family cannot afford.
To add to the problem, trokosi can be inherited. If a woman dies before her parents can redeem her by paying the priest, they must give him another virgin girl.
It is believed there are up to 4,000 trokosi in Africa, with 3,000 of those in Ghana. As mentioned earlier, Ghana passed a law in 1998 banning the practice but it has persisted, in part due to unwillingness of the government to enforce the law.
The BBC interviewed Hutealor Wede who is a slave to a Ewe priest,
My grandfather had illegal sex with a woman. The gods punished our family. I was the virgin daughter, so I was brought to this village and given to the priest to stop the disasters happening. I have to do everything for the priest. Anything he wants.
Some people, such as Osofu Kofi Ameve, the head of the African Renaissance Mission, defend trokosi and attack those who would outlaw it as imperialists intent on wiping out traditional African religions to establish Western religious. He told the BBC that, “It’s all lies … No woman is a slave in Ghana. Christianity, your Christianity, allows for no other religion. You want to eradicate all African religion.”
Fortunately for the thousands of women enduring such slavery, one of those who does not share this view is the newly elected president of Ghana, John Kufuor, who says he will stop the practice. Kufuor told the BBC, “Young girls should be in educational establishments, not in the harem of some fetish priest.”
Still, at the moment, little has been done to stop the practice except by controversial groups such as International Need and others who have raised money to purchase the freedom of such women. Hopefully Kufuor will follow through and elimination slavery in his country.
Source:
Ghana’s trapped slaves. Humphrey Hawksley, The BBC, February 8, 2001.
The Trokosi: Religious slavery in Ghana. The American Anti-Slavery Group.