The Population Reference Bureau notes that in 1996 three countries were added to the list of those where total fertility rates were at or below the 1.2 level, bringing to five the number of nations far below their replacement level. The nations and their TFRs are:
| Nation | TFR |
| Spain | 1.15 |
| Latvia | 1.16 |
| Czech Republic | 1.18 |
| Bulgaria | 1.24 |
| Italy | 1.24 |
(Total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime if the birth rate of a particular year remained constant).