It was inevitable, but the Supreme Court’s ruling in New York Times v. Tasini was an enormous mistake. The Times and other newspapers took articles written by freelancers and included them in databases such as Lexis/Nexis or in online archives of their site. Unfortunately, they didn’t explicitly secure the rights to do so.
In fact the newspapers argued that they didn’t need to — that an online archive of The New York Times is no different than the microfilm archive that hundreds of libraries subscribe to. The Supreme Court disagreed, saying that an online database of old articles is somehow different than a microfiche or even paper archive.
There are two things you have to realize about this decision. First, the whole case generally weakened the position of freelancers. Personally, there was a newspaper I did a lot of freelance work with that, like other newspapers, decided it had to protect itself from such lawsuits and sent me a nice work-for-hire contract which would have granted all rights to the newspaper (I’d have needed their permission, for example, to reproduce my own work on my web site). Another newspaper I used to do freelance work for also sent me a work-for-hire contract. Both newspapers included letters to the effect that the only way to do business with them in the future was by signing such a contract. I passed.
Second, this really creates a legal minefield for small web publishers like myself. Specifically, it opens the door to the possibility that future technological innovations will also be considered substantially different from current electronic databases.
Suppose, for example, I reach an agreement with an author to publish an article on my web site. Do I have to get additional permission to make that article available over a cell phone web browser? Is an Avantgo version of my web site a simple revision?
This isn’t just a hypothetical question either. One group of people are freaking out over this ruling are e-mail newsletter publishers. Some of these people were distributing e-mail newsletters before the web really took off. Now, of course, many of them have gone back and archived their older e-mail newsletters on the web. But their agreements with writers only called for e-mail distribution. Do they need to go back and get additional permissions?
Many of them don’t even have any contact with the original authors and are making the same decisions as the Times — its easier to simply remove all potentially disputed material rather than try to track down freelancers and/or risk lawsuits.