I’m rather ambivalent about right-to-die laws. On the one hand, I think people who are terminally ill should be able to decide for themselves if they want to end their lives, especially people who are in severe pain. On the other hand, personally I want absolutely every medical intervention possible and have told my wife that I’ll come back to haunt anyone who pulls me off life support. But beyond that, a bigger question looms — do right-to-die laws work? More specifically, can societies give doctors the right to help patients who want to die, without giving those same doctors license to kill.
Typically, supporters of right-to-die laws simply dismiss the idea that such laws will turn doctors into killers. Most euthanasia laws have a series of built-in safeguards that require consent of the patient to be very clear. But those legal safeguards really won’t mean much if a subculture of death takes hold in the medical profession.
Opinion Journal (the online version of the Wall Street Journal’s op-ed page) has an interesting summary of various studies and surveys about euthanasia in the Netherlands, The Dutch Way of Death.
One of the more disturbing things about euthanasia in the Netherlands is that there seems to have developed a view among a significant minority of doctors that consent is not necessary to end a life provided that the quality of that life is below some subjective threshold. Almost 5 percent of people who died in the Netherlands in 1990, for example, were killed by doctors who never received explicit consent for their actions. Even more disturbing is that a 1997 study found that as many as 8 percent of infants who died in the Netherlands were killed by their doctors.
A major part of the problem, in my opinion, is that supporters of euthanasia seriously underestimate the likelihood of influential groups emerging that favor involuntary euthanasia. Already in the United States prominent philosophers such as Peter Singer explicitly argue that people’s whose lives aren’t worth living should be euthanized — involuntarily if necessary — and a large segment of medical ethicists who wouldn’t come out and say they support involuntary euthanasia nonetheless have at the core of their views a disdain for individual rights where such rights impose real or perceived costs on the larger society.