Women’s eNews recently published a long screed by National Organization for Women counsel Isabelle Katz Pinzler dedicated to a single proposition — even when men and women receive equal opportunity, it’s unfair unless women and men also achieve equal outcomes.
This is such a strange turnaround for feminism. At one time women were the victims of this sort of double standard. In the 1950s, for example, a woman who had a given score on the SAT had far less educational opportunities, simply because she was a woman, than a man who had the same score. Elite universities such as Yale would simply turn away people they otherwise would have admitted based solely on their sex.
And, of course, this was repeated in any number of areas, especially in obtaining employment. A woman who could perform just as well as any male candidate nonetheless had a much lower chance of obtaining employment in any number of fields simply because of her sex.
You would think, then, that feminists would want to defend the principle that decisions about college admission, job hiring, etc. should be based solely on qualifications rather than sex. But in fact Katz Pinzler and other feminists argue against this principle with the same vehemence that feminists formerly argued against special barriers that kept qualified women out of positions.
For Katz Pinzler anytime a test of any sort results in different outcomes for men and women, this is prima facie evidence of discrimination. Katz Pinzler writes,
But many supposedly impartial practices have a tremendously discriminatory impact on racial and ethnic minorities, as well as women, girls and other protected groups. Examples include racial profiling by police, placing potentially toxic plants or waste treatment facilities in minority neighborhoods, height and weight requirements for employment and other selection procedures, such as written tests, and so on.
To Katz Pinzler, standardized tests for college admissions are no different than racial profiling by police. She writes,
It is a known fact, for example, that women tend to score lower than men on the SAT, despite the fact that women tend to get higher grades in college, which is what the aptitude test is supposed to predict.
Since women, on average, receive lower scores than men, on average, on the SATs, that means by definition the test is biased and requires a legal remedy.
One of the biggest problems with this is that, in fact, disparate outcomes often have very little to do with any bias or discrimination. This happens to be the case with SAT scores.
As Christina Hoff Sommers has noted, the reason that women as a group have lower scores on the SAT than men as a group is that far more “at risk” girls take the SAT test than do “at risk” boys which skews the average score results for each group. There are also a number of other factors that work to ensure that far more poorly performing girls take the test than poorly performing boys.
The disparate impact test fails both as a moral standard and as a practical standard, and should be soundly rejected by people who care about genuine equality between the sexes.
Sources:
High court ruling may hurt minorities, women. Isabelle Katz Pinzler, Women’s eNews, May 2, 2001.
The War Against Boys. Christina Hoff Sommers, The Atlantic, May 2000.