A few years ago Zimbabwe was one of the few promising lights in southern Africa. The country has an abundance of natural resources and with the adoption of a democratic constitution and political liberties, it seemed Zimbabwe was on its way to escaping the plight of many of its neighbors. Zimbabwean leader Robert Mugabe has managed to reverse that trend in only two years and place Zimbabwe on a path to disaster.
Two recent events illustrate just how far Zimbabwe has fallen. In early May, the country confirmed that it had stopped all international debt repayments. This action was necessary since Zimbabwe’s economy has been in a tailspin for the past two years, due in large measure to the hardline tactics of Mugabe. When he hasn’t been encouraging military veterans to seize white-owned farms for compensation, he has been dabbling in an expensive intervention in the civil war raging in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Combined with other factors, the often violent seizures of white-owned farms helped contribute to the other piece of bad news coming from Zimbabwe in May — a drastic decline in maize and other crops that could potentially cause serious food shortages. In 2000, farmers in Zimbabwe produced more than 2 million tons of maize. This year, however, production of maize will be less than 1.5 million tons.
Along with food, fuel and energy supplies are becoming erratic in Zimbabwe. The Independent Petroleum Group of Kuwait, from whom Zimbabwe imports most of its oil, recently suspended oil shipments due to the government’s nonpayment. Meanwhile South African power company Eskom, which provides 13 percent of Zimbabwe’s electricity, recently announced that Zimbabwe would have to pay up front for any future electricity due to concerns about its inability to pay.
Meanwhile, civil liberties are quickly eroding in Zimbabwe and Mugabe comes to resemble a dictator in all but name day by day. Last year’s parliamentary elections were marked by violence against opposition parties and politicians. At least 32 people were killed. Mugabe has attacked the press, judges and anyone else who criticizes or interferes with his increasingly autocratic rule.
So rather than being one of Africa’s shining jewels, it is highly likely that Zimbabwe will soon surface on the list of countries for which the United Nations and the World Food Program regularly issue emergency aid appeals.
Sources:
Southern Afridca leadership ‘failing’. The BBC, May 16, 2001.
Mugabe sued for election violence. Craig Swan, April 23, 2001.
Zimbabwe condemns laywer’s report. The BBC, April 23, 2001.
Zimbabwe rejects judges criticism. The BBC, April 23, 2001.
Zimbabwe denies reports of maize shortfall. The BBC, May 7, 2001.
Zimbabwe falls behind with debt repayments. The BBC, May 10, 2001.
Canada suspends aid to Zimbabwe. The BBC, May 11, 2001.
Another Zimbabwean judge resigns. The BBC, May 8, 2001.