The Psychology of Gridlock

The latest issue of Atlantic Monthly, includes an article by Stephen Budiansky on something most Americans have had all too much experience with — traffic gridlock. I was particularly struck by what Budiansky has to say about what might best be called psychological gridlock,

The eeriest thing that came out of these equations, however, was the implication that traffic congestion can arise completely spontaneously under certain circumstances. No bottlenecks or other external causes are necessary. Traffic can be flowing freely along, at a density well below what the road can handle, and then suddenly gel into a slow-moving ooze. Under the right conditions a small, brief, and local fluctuation in the speed or spacing of cars — the sort of fluctuation that happens all the time just by chance on a busy highway — is all it takes to trigger a system-wide breakdown that persists for hours after the blip that triggered it is gone. In fact, the Germans’ analysis suggested, such spontaneous breakdowns in traffic flow probably occur quite frequently on highways.

A few years ago I experienced just such congestion. My wife and I were late meeting my in-laws at a zoo about 30 miles away. We headed toward the normally speedy four-lane divided highway but about 5 miles out of town came to a dead stop on the freeway.

There were “Construction Ahead” signs posted on either side of the highway so we assumed there were men and women working on the highway ahead which caused the slowdown. But when we finally emerged to where traffic resumed a normal speed, there was in fact no construction or other obstruction whatsoever (it was a Sunday afternoon). The highway was completely free.

As best we could figure out, the mere suggestion that there was construction ahead was enough to create conditions that lead to traffic completely stopped and backed up for about 1 mile and a half.

Missing Link Fossils Found — Assuming They’re Not Fakes

The BBC reports that remarkably well preserved fossils of tiny winged dinosaurs may be the missing link to resolve the debate over the origin of birds. But the real question is: will anybody believe the fossils are genuine?

As recently as 1999 gullible paleontologists put up $80,000 for an alleged winged dinosaur fossil from China that was featured on the cover on National Geographic. The only real problem was that the fossil was a fake.

Now the BBC ominously reports that,

We drove between parched brown fields and passed low mud-brick farms. An icy wind blew from Siberia to the north. The farmers buttoned up their coats against the chill as they gathered every last scrap of vegetation in the hope that they could keep their donkeys alive through another winter. Two years of drought have also meant these are impoverished people.

But as we came to the little village of Sihetun, there was a subtle difference. There were a few modern villa-style homes and some of the young men were riding new Japanese motorbikes. Clearly, there was an additional source of income here.

With the additional source of income coming from selling the many fossils being removed from nearby hills. We’ll see if these new “missing link” fossils stand up to scrutiny over the long term (and personally the whole story has a “too good to be true” feel to it).

Shame on the BBC

For the most part, I find the BBC’s news web site far superior to American fare such as CNN or any of the American news networks, especially for coverage of international news. Unfortunately with its coverage of the horrific shooting of 7 people in Massachussetts, the BBC seems more than willing to emulate the shoddy reporting so common to American media.

In, Terror in the Workplace, for example, the BBC claims,

The shooting of seven people at an Internet company in Wakefield Massachusetts is the latest reminder that workplace killings are depressingly common in the US.

The only problem is that the BBC doesn’t bother to back this claim up. It lists a grand total of 12 incidents involving violence in the work place dating back to 1997 as if a mere enumeration of anecdotes is more than enough to prove that “workplace killings are depressingly common in the US.”

Lets gets some facts in here, courtsey of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, which visited this topic in 1998′s “Workplace Violence, 1992-96.”

  • There are approximately 2 million acts of violence or threats of violence against Americans in the workplace each year.
  • Almost all of those are directed against people who work with the public. Retail sales clerks, law enforcement personnel, teachers, medical personnel, transportation personnel (cab drivers, bus drivers, etc.), and private security forces bear the brunt of workplace violence.
  • Although the BBC is hitting the gun angle heavily, guns are used in workplace assaults only about 7.5 percent of the time, with knives, clubs, bottles, and other weapons being 12 percent of the time. Eighty percent of the deaths from workplace assaults, however, were caused by guns, with the other 20 percent being caused by knives and other weapons.
  • Based on 1992 to 1996 data, the killing in Massachussetts was atypical. From 1992 to 1996 about 1,000 people were murdered on the job. Of those, about 760 each year were murdered as part of a robbery attempt. Only about 11 percent of workplace murders were the result of assaults by co-workers and/or legitimate customers.
  • Workplace violence, like violence in general in the United States, is declining. Workplace homicides fell 13 percent from 1992 to 1996, and have almost certainly fell even further over the last four years. What hasn’t fallen is media hyperpublicity over such events.

Nostradamus Quote Appears to be A Hoax

I’ve received a number of e-mails and seen several web sites carrying the following text, which is obviously supposed to refer to George W. Bush (this is from Adam Curry’s web site,

The quote below is one of Nostradamus’ quatrains.
In 1555, Nostradamus wrote:
“Come the millennium, month 12,
In the home of greatest power,
The village idiot will come forth
To be acclaimed the leader.”

I was suspicious because Nostradamus’ “prophecies” usually have to be tweaked much more than that to fit a given circumstance, and so visited several sites that reprint accept translations of Nostradamus’ prophecies.

I could not find the above quatrain in any of the different sites that reproduce all of Nostradamus’ brief prophetic writings, and so concluded that the passage is likely a hoax.

And if you’re really curious, Nostradamus made quite a few predictions which true believers think describe the year 2000 and none of them came remotely close to being fulfilled, except for this one,

The old roads will all be improved,
One will procedd on them to the modern Memphis:
The great Mercury of Hercules fleur-de-lys,
Causing to tremble lands, sea and country.

The great Mercury? The modern Memphis? Causing lands and sea to tremble?

The only possible interpretation here is that Nostradamus predicted the incredible rise of Eddie George and the Tennessee Titans, and that he foresaw them winning the Superbowl this year. Stay tuned to find out if he was right.

A Good Example of Anti-Religious Bigotry

Cleaning out my e-mail inbox today, I noticed an online acquaintance who is what I like to call an atheist fundamentalist sent me a link to this anti-religious page. The page puts forth several claims that religion is, in fact, a negative influence, but simply demonstrate’s the author’s complete lack of understanding basic principles of logic and of statistics (assuming any of these claims are even based on real studies — and given the lack of documentation, that’s a doubtful proposition).

Reading this page I am reminded of a classic way of pointing out a statistical/logical fallacy — namely that cities that have large numbers of churches also have very high numbers of arrests for crimes such as prostitution. Of course the real variable being measured by this comparison is population. The author of the anti-religious page has also mistaken correlation for causation and committed numerous other errors as well.

Bill Gates is No Free Market Hero

A lot of libertarians used Microsoft’s antitrust trial to highlight the numerous problems with antitrust law. Personally, I’d like to see all antitrust legislation repealed (or found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court). But some libertarians went further and almost created a cult of Bill Gates in which the billionaire was some sort of hero, even though Gates had previously supported left liberal political efforts in support of gun control and racial discrimination.

Now Gates is showing his true colors in calling for the Federal Communications Commission to investigate alleged monopolistic practices by AOL with its instant messaging software. AOL prohibits people using other instant messaging clients from communicating directly with people who use AOL’s instant messaging client (which is, by far, the most popular).

Forget for the moment that the FCC simply doesn’t have the authority to do this (although it seems to think it does), not to mention that AOL’s exclusion is child’s play compared to some of the stuff that Microsoft has pulled. If I were Steve Case I’d offer to completely open AIM’s protocols in exchange for Microsoft making Windows API’s open.

The answer to AOL’s exclusionary practice is the same in this case as it was in Microsoft’s case — the market will route around such monopolistic practices. Already there are a number of different technologies and projects that will make it possible to bypass AOL’s closed system or render it irrelevant altogether. As even AOL seems to realize, the days of AIM’s exclusivity are numbered.

The FCC should stay out of the instant messaging controversy and Bill Gates should at least pretend to have a consistent position on antitrust law. And some libertarians might want to think twice about their hero worship of Gates.

Game Marketing Strategy that P—– Me Off

The morons at Interplay did this with Starfleet Command and they’ve decided to do it again with Starfleet Command II — the game ships with a bonus disk, but the only way to get the bonus disk is to pre-order through the Interplay site. What, the money I spent at Best Buy just isn’t good enough for them?

Normally I completely detest software piracy — people are always offering to burn game CDs for me or ask me to burn some for them, and I always politely decline. I make an exception for this sort of “not available anywhere else” nonsense.

HarryPotterIsAWizard.Com

The Register has been reporting on Warner Brothers going after people who registered domain names with the words “Harry Potter” in them — for example, their lawyers intimidated some poor chap in the UK in to handing over www.harrypotterisawizard.co.uk.

I happen to think this is nonsense. In the real world there are a number of perfectly legitimate entities that use the words “Harry Potter” without authorization from the trademark holder, such as guides to Harry Potter collectibles. If someone wanted to assemble a book compiling various essays on the Harry Potter phenomenon and called it, “Harry Potter Is A Wizard,” Warner Brothers wouldn’t have a leg to stand on.

So, to make a long story short, I registered HarryPotterIsAWizard.Com — since The Register pointed out it was available — and plan on putting up a site at that address shortly to protest WB’s and other companies and individuals’ recent egregious domain name actions (such as the silly decision that gave Madonna.Com to the singer).

3dfx’s Stunning Turnaround — From Market Leader to the Chopping Block in 24 Months

A couple years ago graphic chip maker 3dfx was so far ahead of its competitors that people often used 3dfx and 3d accelerator cards as synonymous. Its competitors tended to put out propriety chips that didn’t work well (if they worked at all) and had numerous problems. 3dfx was on top of the world and looked, to me at least, untouchable.

This week, of course, 3dfx went out of business with rival chip maker and reining 3d king Nvidia acquiring the only thing of value 3dfx had left — its intellectual property in the form of patents and some physical assets. What happened?

3dfx got greedy. Rather than simply turn out butt kicking graphics chips, 3dfx listened to the suits who were whispering in their ears that they could make even more money if they cut out the middlemen who put their chips on cards with different configurations and went into the business of exclusively producing graphic cards with their chips. So where once you could buy a 3d card with a 3dfx chip from any number of companies, now the only place to buy such cards was from 3dfx. Unfortunately for the company, it sucked at getting graphics cards out almost as much as it excelled at creating state-of-the-art graphics.

Nvidia positioned itself simply as a graphics chip company and won. Why deal with all the headaches of different card configurations and technical support for every iteration — sell the chips to third parties and let them deal with that hassle (and conversely, let competition among card makers give consumers a much wider range of options than Nvidia could possibly support on its own).

In addition, Nvidia embraced Microsoft’s Direct 3D while 3dfx’s Voodoo cards supported its own Glide system exclusively. Early versions of Direct 3D were horrendous (and some argue the API has improved little since then), but hardware companies ignore Microsoft at their own peril

Of course hindsight is always 20/20 and it’s always that easy to tell the difference between a boneheaded move and passing up a golden business opportunity, but everything 3dfx was doing was so far removed from its bread and butter graphic chip business that it would really have been a shock if the company had been able to pull it off.

There’s also a lesson in there about just how quickly a company can go from market leader to dead meat. A lot of people thought 3dfx was making the wrong decisions, but nobody to my knowledge suspected they’d be out of business in only two years, much less from Nvidia which prior to its TNT chip produced cards that were generally considered inferior at best.